MB23
Symptoms or signs involving appearance or behaviour
Subcategories
MB23.0 Aggressive behaviour
Actions intended to threaten or hurt another person or to damage property that may be physical, verbal, or symbolic (e.g., acting against the other person's interests). Aggressive behaviour may be appropriate and self-protective, or inappropriate, hostile, and destructive. [1]
MB23.1 Antisocial behaviour
Behaviour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms, rules, or laws, are violated. [1]
MB23.2 Avoidance behaviour
The act of keeping away from circumstances, situations, or stimuli that cause anxiety or other negative emotions in the individual. [1]
MB23.3 Bradyphrenia
Slowness of thoughts or fatigability of initiative [1]
MB23.4 Compulsions
Repetitive behaviours or rituals (e.g., washing, checking) or mental acts (e.g., repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, according to rigid rules, or to achieve a sense of ‘completeness’. [1]
MB23.5 Coprolalia
Involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks, often in Tourette syndrome. [1]
MB23.6 Disorganised behaviour
Behaviour including posture, gait, and other activity that is unpredictable or not goal-directed (e.g., shouting at strangers on the street). [1]
MB23.7 Disheveled appearance
Untidy or unkempt appearance reflecting a lack of attention to one or more aspects of hygiene, grooming, or dress. [1]
MB23.8 Disruptive behaviour
Behaviour that causes disorder and turmoil in others or one's environment (e.g., angry outbursts, arguments, disobedience). [1]
MB23.9 Echolalia
The automatic repetition of vocalizations, words, or phrases uttered by another person, which may be immediate or delayed (e.g., repetition of phrases earlier heard on television), without meaningful communicative function. Echolalia is a common feature of communication abnormalities in Autism spectrum disorder, but may also occur in other Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders and certain neurological conditions, among children with severe visual impairment, and occasionally in typically developing children. Echolalia does not include repetition as a normal feature of language acquisition in early childhood development. [1]
MB23.A Excessive crying of child, adolescent, or adult
Episodes of crying for several hours a day for more than several days a week for several weeks in an otherwise healthy child, adolescent, or adult. [1]
MB23.C Increased sociability
Decrease or loss of normal social inhibitions manifested in increased impulses to be with and talk to other people, including overfamiliarity, compared to the individual's typical level of activity. [1]
MB23.D Mutism
A lack of verbal output that may be generalised or restricted to specific situations. [1]
MB23.E Non-suicidal self-injury
Intentional self-inflicted injury to the body, most commonly cutting, scraping, burning, biting, or hitting, with the expectation that the injury will lead to only minor physical harm. [1]
MB23.F Odd or peculiar appearance
Grooming, clothing, or other aspects of personal appearance that are eccentric, unusual, or peculiar, and inconsistent with cultural or subcultural norms. [1]
MB23.G Odd or peculiar behaviour
Behaviour including posture and gait that is eccentric, unusual, or peculiar, and is inconsistent with cultural or subcultural norms. [1]
MB23.H Panic attack
A discrete episode of intense fear or apprehension accompanied by the rapid and concurrent onset of a number of characteristic symptoms. These symptoms may include, but are not limited to, palpitations or increased heart rate, sweating, trembling, sensations of shortness of breath, feelings of choking, chest pain, nausea or abdominal distress, feelings of dizziness or lightheadedness, chills or hot flushes, tingling or lack of sensation in extremities (i.e., paresthesias), depersonalization or derealization, fear of losing control or going mad, and fear of imminent death. Panic attacks can appear out of the blue or can be triggered by particular situations. [1]
MB23.J Poor personal hygiene
Unwillingness or inability to maintain a level of personal cleanliness that is in keeping with the standards of the person's culture, society, or setting, such as not washing or brushing one's teeth. [1]
MB23.K Poverty of speech
A general lack of the unprompted content and elaboration normally seen in speech that is attributed to poverty of thought. It is one of the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. [1]
MB23.L Pressured speech
Speech in which the person feels undue pressure to get the words out. The person’s speech is usually rapid, loud, and emphatic and may be difficult or impossible to interrupt. Frequently, the person talks without any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening. [1]
MB23.M Psychomotor agitation
Excessive motor activity, usually manifested by purposeless behaviours such as fidgeting, shifting, fiddling, inability to sit or stand still, wringing of the hands, etc. [1]
MB23.N Psychomotor retardation
A visible generalised slowing of movements and speech. [1]
MB23.Q Social withdrawal
Retreat from relationships and other social interactions [1]
MB23.R Suicide attempt
A specific episode of self-harming behaviour undertaken with the conscious intention of ending one's life. [1]
MB23.S Suicidal behaviour
Concrete actions, such as buying a gun or stockpiling medication, that are taken in preparation for fulfilling a wish to end one's life but that do not constitute an actual suicide attempt. [1]
Coded elsewhere
References
- World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS), 2026-01 release. World Health Organization; 2026.
WHO text reproduced without changes from the WHO ICD-11 API. © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO. View this entry in the WHO ICD-11 browser.