Dystonic disorders

Subcategories

• 8A02.0 Primary dystonia

  Primary dystonias (primary torsion dystonias) are disorders where dystonia is the sole neurological manifestation. These disorders are slowly progressive and may be familial/genetic or sporadic in origin. [1]

• 8A02.1 Secondary dystonia

  This is dystonia – a disorder of involuntary muscle contractions – of an acquired nature. Causes include substance toxicity, injury, hypoxia and tumours. [1]

• 8A02.2 Paroxysmal dystonia

  Paroxysmal dyskinesias are a group of rare movement disorders characterised by their recurrent and episodic nature, arising from a background of normal motor activity and behaviour. These abnormal movements can manifest in the form of ballism, dystonia, chorea and athetosis or a combination of these. [1]

• 8A02.3 Functional dystonia or spasms

  Functional movement disorder presenting predominantly with mobile or fixed dystonic posturing which is incongruous with other causes of dystonia and may be responsive to placebo therapy or psychotherapy. Typically a clenched fist, inverted ankle or orbicularis oculis/platysma contraction with onset as a teenager or adult. Functional dystonia or spasms where no cause has been identified after investigation. [1]

Coded elsewhere

• athetoid cerebral palsy (8D21)

References

1. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11 MMS), 2026-01 release. World Health Organization; 2026.

WHO text reproduced without changes from the WHO ICD-11 API. © World Health Organization, licensed under CC BY-ND 3.0 IGO. View this entry in the WHO ICD-11 browser.